The timber treated lumber sitting on top of your foundation wall is called the sill plate. This is the connection point where the rest of building is constructed and is commonly a source of basement leaks and sill plate replacement when it is not diagnosed and addressed.
Areas of the sill plate will leak when exposed improper slope away from the building or in most cases when the sill plate Is buried under soil, concrete & masonry. On the exterior, if your homes siding is buried below the dirt or concrete, water can seep in between the 1st floor framing and top of your foundation or slab. Commonly, brick paver patios, steps, landings and landscape built above the sill line will leak because this area of the building is not always designed to stop water when its not a minimum of 2” above grade.